War or Revolution – The anarchist strategies against war and war preparation | PP (Belgium, 2025)
Bart de Ligt’s ‘Battle Plans’ weren’t made up behind a desk by a ‘pacifist’ liberal intellectual. The ‘Battle Plan’ presented before the WRI was just one version of a long search for consistent strategies against war and its causes. And Bart de Ligt was not alone in developing these ideas: Clara Wichmann, Proudhon, Pierre Ramus, Tolstoy, Domela Nieuwenhuis, Albert de Jong, Arthur Lehning and so many others contributed to it.




